Impetus to Department of Homeland Security Essay Example for Free

Driving force to Department of Homeland Security Essay Unique This is a contextual analysis into the catalyst of The Department of Homeland Security because of the 9/11 psychological militant assault on the World Trade Center and the expansion familiarity with fear based oppressor assaults. This investigation will likewise cover the Oklahoma City and the 1993 World Trade Center shelling and why it didn't have the full effect or consciousness of the 9/11 assault. Likewise, the investigation will attempt infuse ways that the two prior sorts of assaults could have been forestalled by the assurance procedure set up today. Title of Paper (Does not Count as Heading) The word psychological oppressor and fear mongering is equivalent in that the two of them are utilized as savage acts to alarm the individuals in a territory as a method of attempting to accomplish a political objective. The 9/11 assault on The World Trade Center fills in as a prime guide to the sort of dread that Americans have never witness. It demonstrated that our incredible country was respected to another sort of assault where individuals don't esteem life yet esteem their quest forever, freedom, and equity substantially more. These are the sort of association or individuals who will kick the bucket for an equity cause. These very individuals lead to the Impetus of The Department of Homeland Security. The principle reason the 9/11 assault was so abhorrent was the way that the association didn't require weapons of mass demolition to achieve it objective. The sorted out gathering of the Taliban or Al Qaeda, as known by certain, had the option to enlist two 747 planes and dispatch an assault on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This was a vital danger that was well arrangement and the subsidizing of it pioneer Osama receptacle Laden. These sorts of self destruction missions that were broadcast to the country through the media meant the beginning of another sort of danger and that another sort of association or objective think must be framed. This considerable danger lead to the arrangement of the Department of Homeland Security with the communicated strategic keeping our kin, digital, and basic foundation safe from psychological militants and cataclysmic events. This is the third biggest government office that incorporates state, nearby, and the private segment. Obviously this isn't the first occasion when that our dirt has been compromised by radical or fear monger gatherings. For instance, on the morning of April 19, 1995, an ex-Army warrior and security monitor named Timothy McVeigh left a leased Ryder truck before the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City(n.d.). He was going to submit mass homicide. Inside the vehicle was a ground-breaking bomb made out of a savage mixed drink of agrarian compost, diesel fuel, and other chemicals(n.d.). McVeigh got out, bolted the entryway, and headed towards his escape car(n.d.). He touched off one coordinated breaker, at that point another. McVeigh’s outrage with the government on how his associates was treated at the Waco episode cause monstrous demolition and the loss of 168 individuals lives. In spite of the fact that, this was one of the most exceedingly awful home developed demonstration of psychological militant it didn't pick up that much sensational effect from society and government officials since it was little scope and didn't seem to have the financing to heighten to huge scope fear mongering. It likewise didn't have the mass intrigue of the 9/11 episode that was communicated to the country. Just the after mass was in plain view. Furthermore the fixings utilized in making the bomb were your ordinary regular, not weapons of mass demolition. Another case of the dangerous idea of a psychological militant gathering was the shelling of the Epicenter Parking Center under the World Trade Center. On Friday, February 26, 1993, Middle Eastern psychological warfare had shown up on American soil with a bang(n.d.). A little gathering of Islamic psychological militant exploded a bomb that caused a monstrous pit slaughtering 6 individuals and harming a huge number of others. The expectation was to topple one structure into the other falling both. The Federal Bureau of Investigation had knowledge data on this gathering however didn't predict them as a danger. Once more, this episode didn't have the sensational effect as the 9/11 assault on the grounds that the gathering was little scope and didn't have the subsidizing to cause the harm of weapons of mass demolition. There were no connections to a huge psychological oppressor bunch with boundless subsidizing and devotees. In both of these models as expressed neither addition the glory idea of the 9/11 assault as a result of they were not broadcast live as the occasion happened, they didn't have the reputation or devotees as Taliban or Al Qaeda fear based oppressor gathering, they not have the subsidizing of gathering equipped for storing up weapons of mass demolition, and they were not the just for nothing self-destructive gathering that would have giving their life for a reason. What we have set up today that could have ruin the assaults in the models are various organizations are task with researching explicit regions and that is the thing that they have practical experience in. For instance, on the off chance that one division had the obligation of exploring the astute on the Islamic fear based oppressor bunch they would have been increasingly disposed to have captured the gathering before they did any harm. The arrangement of touchy sniffing hounds at basic foundation destinations may have had the option to identify the bombs before they were exploded. Reconnaissance camera situated at basic area may a distinguished the vans being forsake for a dubious time and assisted with recognizing those included. Citations (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/well known cases/oklahoma-city-bombarding (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2008/february/tradebom_022608 References http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/well known cases/oklahoma-city-bombarding http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/celebrated cases/oklahoma-city-besieging Gaines, Larry K., and Victor E. Kappeler. Country security. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship - Business Plan Assignment

Advancement and Entrepreneurship - Business Plan - Assignment Example r is going to deliver high caliber and regular organic product juice utilizing three distinct natural products fitting for each age gathering and will be founded on the way that foods grown from the ground juices are famous among Kuwaitis. The natural product bar will serve coconut, unadulterated melon, and sugarcane squeeze in clear cups such that nobody in the market is doing. The objective market for Fruiti Oasis Juice Bar is the upper and white collar class individuals of Kuwaiti City, especially the individuals who are working in the City for the two guys and females. The business will have the option to focus on the old who would prefer not to take extra and extravagant fixings, just as the more youthful age somewhere in the range of 25 and 45 who might are progressively wellbeing cognizant. In addition, there are moms who don't need their kids to utilize items that are unnatural. It is the business management’s sentiment that this will permit the juice bar to focus on a wide scope of segment clients, including youngsters, youngsters, and the older. A PEST and SWOT investigation are likewise completed to decide advertise reasonableness. Kuwaiti City doesn't have restrictive juice bars and, despite the fact that organizations like frozen yogurt parlors, pastry shops, inexpensive food shops, and cafés additionally serve natural product juices, they just do as such as an option in contrast to their primary business. Kuwaiti City doesn't have selective juice bars and, despite the fact that organizations like frozen yogurt parlors, bread shops, cheap food shops, and cafés additionally serve natural product juices, they just do as such as an option in contrast to their fundamental business. Media utilized for advancement will incorporate bulletins, papers, and the web. The business will be situated in a profoundly noticeable retail store, which will either be inside a shopping center sort setting in a territory with high traffic or as an independent property that is in a zone with high human traffic. This property will be a leased one since it is incautious to purchase property, as property costs in Kuwait City are extremely high. With respect to format, the logo for the organization will be

Argumentative Essay Topics On The American Dream

Argumentative Essay Topics On The American DreamThe essays that have been written in the past have had three basic arguments: that the American dream is dead, that the American dream is dying, and that the American dream is actually a thing of the past. The argument that the American dream is dead is based on the fact that there are many people who are not being able to get out of the mess they find themselves in, and if they can't escape from the problems they are in then they cannot really call themselves a person who has had the American dream. That could be an accurate observation, but this could also just be another way to take an argument about changing attitudes and lifestyles and turn it into a debate about whether or not the American dream is dead.The second essay on the American dream was written in 2020, and it was based on the focus of the previous one. That topic is about how people are living their lives more or less like parasites, and if they are not getting out of th eir situation by taking advantage of the opportunities provided by the system, then they will have to move to a place where there is a much better standard of living. However, if the American dream is really going to die, then it should be because people have chosen to stop trying to live by it. It could also be because people have stopped wanting to have the American dream and have instead decided to try to live by whatever standard of living they can find in the first place.The last argumentative essay topics on the American dream focused on whether or not people were currently living the American dream. This was based on the assumption that, in some people's minds, the American dream is dead. They do not believe that they can attain it any longer, so they are now just content with the amount of money they make, or the way their house looks, or their wardrobe. They just want to have a standard of living that they feel comfortable with.There is nothing wrong with these arguments, b ut those who do not want to have an argument about the American dream should stop doing it. Those who argue about the American dream are just arguing against themselves. If someone wants to have the American dream, they should think of a way to make it come true.People who try to convince others that the American dream is dead, however, should ask themselves the following question. 'Are they really fighting for something? Would I be happy if they really fought for me?' If you can't answer this question, then it might be a good idea to stop arguing.There are people who just don't know what to do. When it comes to changing their life style, they would rather take their chances in the mainstream than work for something. However, if they really want to have the American dream, they should work to make it happen, and this can only be done if they first have a grasp of the reality of it.It is no wonder that people hate the idea of working for someone else. A lot of people have no understa nding of the actual circumstances of life, and they assume that if they just take care of themselves and earn enough money, then they can have the American dream. They want to take care of themselves; they just want the privileges of life without having to work for it. To them, the American dream seems like an expensive luxury, and they believe that the only way to get it is to work hard.If you really want to have the American dream, then you have to work at it, even if you do not want to, because it will not happen by itself. If you want to be able to have the American dream, then you have to be willing to work at it. If you have to fight for it, then you should fight for it, and you shouldnot stop trying to change your lifestyle will change for you.

Use Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 7043 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Use Case A use case diagram depicts the units of functionality of the system as well as the actors capable of carrying out these functions. An actor is a person within the system needed to carry out a particular function. A function is depicted by an oval text box and is referred to as a use case as well, use case in this terms meaning unit of functionality. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Use Case" essay for you Create order A Use Case diagram is a compilation of Use Cases to form a system. There are four actors within the MPP system. This does not suggest that only four literal people are responsible for operating the entire system. An actor is a classification of a person. In essence an actor refers to something general such as a job title as in this example the four actors are Secretary, HR Manager, Accountant and Staff Member. This use case diagram suggests that the classification of actors are responsible for the duties they are connected to. As such all persons holding that job title will be required to fulfil the duties depicted. The duties or use cases are explain further as use case specifications and the actors are details as classes in task two. Use Case Specifications Number: UC0001 Name Create Employee Actors Secretary, HR Manager Goal: To add a new member of staff Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Secretary, HR Manager Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Secretary gives member a form 2 Member fills form an returns it to secretary 3 HR Manager reviews form and approves employee 4 Secretary notifies employee 5 HR Manager confirms details Alternatives Index Actor Event A 1/1 Person Not Approved A 1/1.1 HR Manager disapproves person A 1/1.2 Secretary notifies person A 1/2 Invalid Data A 1/2.1 Person confirms data invalid A 1/2.2 HR Manager edits details A 1/2.3 Person confirms details This use case specification explains the procedure to be undertaken when adding a new member of staff to the MPP payroll. This process involves both the HR manager and the secretary in terms of the system. The secretary initially distributes a form to the potential employee to fill within which the applicants qualifications and contact information is kept on file. The details mentioned within the specification encompass all the personal information of the applicant inclusive of contact information as well as personal details. This information is then sent to the HR manager to review where a decision is made to approve the employee for an interview. This decision dictates whether the secretary contact the applicant to inform them of an upcoming interview or to inform them that their application has been rejected. The assumption here is that MPP only hires members of the party to become staff members. Number: UC0002 Name Create a Member Actors Secretary Goal: To add a new member to the MPP party Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Secretary Create an Election Candidate Create a Member of Parliament Create a Regional Assembly Member Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Person requests membership 2 Secretary creates new member record 3 Secretary confirms persons details to be accurate 4 Member is added to membership list Alternatives Index Actor Event A 2/1 Incorrect Details A 2/1.1 Secretary enters incorrect details A 2/1.2 Secretary edits details A 2/1.3 Person confirms details This use case specification depicts how a new member of MPP is added to the system. There is an estimated fifty thousand members of the party whom which information is needed to be stored as they are relied on during election time when the party is campaigning for election. The political party most probably doesnt discriminate the right of membership by any one person. Seeing that not much clerical data needs to be manipulated the secretary is fully capable of adding a member to the party. The process begins as a person requests membership to the party. The secretary then enters the members personal information especially their contact information as given by the applicant. Once the member confirms the information to be accurate the record is saved and thereby added to the membership list of MPP. Number: UC0003 Name Create an Election Candidate Actors Staff Member Goal: To add a new Election Candidate Use Case Relationships Extend: Create a Member Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Staff Member elects Member to become candidate 2 Staff Member contacts Member 3 Member confirms 4 Staff Member adds member to shortlist 5 Staff Member changes member position to EC Alternatives Index Actor Event A 3/1 Member Disapproves A 3/1.1 Staff Member elects another Member to become candidate This system assumes that only existing members of the party are elected to become election candidates for a particular seat. A member therefore can be classified as an election candidate once their name has been added to a shortlist, which is a list of potential election candidates for a particular area. Using this assumption a member position classification was created within the member file an as such a member may have many classifications ranging from volunteer represented as VOL and election candidate represented as EC. Once an election candidate wins an election for a post they may be contending their position will be changed to Member of Parliament or Regional Assembly Member respectively as will be discovered. Number: UC0004 Name Create a Member of Parliament Actors Staff Member Goal: To add a new Member of Parliament Use Case Relationships Extend: Create a Member Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Candidate is voted member of parliament 2 Staff Member changes member position to MOP Alternatives Index Actor Event A 4/1 Member Looses Election A 4/1.4 Staff Member changes Member position to VOL Number: UC0005 Name Create a Regional Assembly Member Actors Staff Member Goal: To add a new Regional Assembly Member Use Case Relationships Extend: Create a Member Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Candidate is voted Regional Assembly Member 2 Staff Member changes member position to RAM Alternatives Index Actor Event A 4/1 Member Looses Election A 4/1.4 Staff Member changes Member position to VOL Both the Create a member of parliament and Create a regional assembly member use cases rely on the Create a member use case. Once a member looses an election his position within the party is reassigned to a volunteer. Number: UC0006 Name Add Member to shortlist Actors Staff Member Goal: To add a Member to a shortlist Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Member approves to become a candidate 2 Staff Member adds member details to shortlist 3 Staff Member changes Member position to EC Alternatives Index Actor Event A 4/1 Member Steps Down A 4/1.1 Member notifies Staff Member A 4/1.2 Staff Member removes member from shortlist A 4/1.3 Staff Member edits Member position A staff member is responsible for adding a member to the shortlist thereby creating an election candidate. The shortlist is a record of potential election candidates of the MPP. Editing of the shortlist is as simple as editing a table. A staff member is responsible for this responsibility. This use cases is used in conjunction with the Create an election candidate use case within which adding a member to a shortlist is referred to. Once a member agrees to become an election candidate their personal information is added to a list of potential candidates for a particular seat within a respective area. Number: UC0007 Name Contact Members Actors Staff Member, Secretary Goal: To contact members of the party Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Staff Member/Secretary queries member details 2 Secretary/Staff Member contacts Member Alternatives Index Actor Event A 7/1 Contact Unavailable A 7/1.1 Contact unavailable at given contact A 7/1.2 Use another form of contact given by the member This use case the procedure to be undertaken when contacting a member of the party. As shown, only full time workers and secretaries contact members. There are many uses of this unit of functionality beyond the boundry of this system. The political party requires that sufficient contact information is stored on each member as individual members are relied on during the campaigning process to organise meetings and assist with advertisement. The contact information that is st ored on an individual member of the party includes a telephone contact, home mailing address and email address. The staff members as well as the secretary therefore have three options in which to utilise when contacting a member. Number: UC0008 Name Record Income Actors Staff Member Goal: To record income generated by MPP Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Staff Member records Invoice Number 2 Staff Member records income Details 3 Staff Member records the ID number 4 Staff Member records the Amount 5 Staff Member records the date generated Alternatives Index Actor Event A 8/1 Incorrect Record A 8/1.1 Income is recorded incorrectly A 8/1.2 Staff Member confirms details with Invoice A 8/1.2 Staff Member edits details The member of the party responsible for recording income will be a full time employee of the party. Since there are several offices each of which generate individual incomes there must be persons within each regional office to account for funds the party may receive, either by subscriptions received or from other sources such as donations from p ersons interested in supporting the party and its objectives. The person receiving income distributes an invoice through which a record is kept of individual payments to the party. This invoice must contain all the information needed on the transaction such as what the payment was for, whether it is a subscription or donation. The invoice also contains who made the payment, how much money was paid to MPP and what date was the payment made. In the instance of a donation a record is kept of the donor personal information so they are kept on record an assigned a donor identification number. This is to ensure full accountability of the finances reaching the party. This donor number is entered into the â€Å"ID Number† field in the income table. Where a member pays their annual subscription to the party their member ID is stored within the same field. This ensures accountability for the transaction as well as a record of the subscription received for that individual membe r. Number: UC0009 Name Record Expenditure Actors Staff Member Goal: To record expenditure incurred by MPP Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Staff Member records Receipt Number 2 Staff Member records expenditure Details 3 Staff Member records the ID number 4 Staff Member records the Amount 5 Staff Member records the date incurred Alternatives Index Actor Event A 9/1 Incorrect Record A 9/1.1 Expenditure is recorded incorrectly A 9/1.2 Staff Member confirms details with receipt A 9/1.3 Staff Member edits details Full time employees are also responsible for recording the expenditure incurred by the party. The operation of any political party requires a host of expenses in which to organise and manage the party properly. The individual offices of the party will incur expenses for each office it maintains. The main expenses that must be accounted for include payment of rent for the various offices that the party operates. Salaries must also be accounted for as MPP employs over a hundred individuals which accounts for a major portion of the partys expenditure. A major part of any election campaign is advertising which as for MPP includes television advertising as well as leaflets that need to be distributed by the partys members. Along with these major expenditures the party may also incur miscellaneous expenses in order to keep the offices running such as telephone bills and mailing expenses, all of these are classified as sundry expenses. Whenever any expenditure is incurred all receip ts given to the party is filed and documented. These receipts are used to document all the expenditure incurred by the party as the amount, dates and to whom payments are made are documented on the receipt. Each office, member and advertiser are assigned an ID number so that a level of accountability can be maintained as to whom payments are made. Number: UC0010 Name Generate Financial Report Actors Staff Member, Accountant Goal: To generate a financial report for each office Use Case Relationships Extend: Include: Associations: Generalisation: Description Index Actor Event 1 Staff Member/Accountant selects Financial Report table 2 Staff Member/Accountant print Financial Report Alternatives Index Actor Event A 10/1 Incorrect Report Printed A 10/1.1 User selects correct report A 10/1.2 User prints correct report Each regional office is expected to produce a financial report to account for its activities. This will make for easier planning and budgeting by the national officers responsible for this such as the accounts department of the party. Therefore both party members as well as the national accountant can generate a financial report. To ensure the legitimacy of the financial reports the political party is expected to employ an internal as well as external a uditor that examines the financial reports and compares them to the income and expenditure of the party. The financial report entails the total income generated as well as the total expenditure incurred for a particular office. These s can be used to determine the General Reserve available for funding the partys activities. Activity Diagrams An Activity Diagram the logical flow of data within a particular use case. The following diagrams show the Create a Member use case but in two different activity diagram formats. The first diagram simply the logical order in a flow chart fashion. The second diagram the same use case with the implication of swim lanes. Class Diagram Class diagrams are used to identify the objects of the system and show how they relate to each other and their attributes. The class diagram used to analyse the objects associated with the MPP and depict their relationships with each other. Everything is related to each other through the MPP class. It is an empty class but is there to show that the generalisation relationship exists between the Regional Office and Head Office Class and the MPP class. Most other relationships within this diagram are generalisation relationships depicted by the empty arrow head. This diagram is structured in a hierarchal format. A generalisation relationship allows the subclasses of any parent class to inherit the properties of the parent class. This feature is also show in the diagram by the empty boxes within the Secretary, Staff Member, Accountant and HR Manager classes. This does not suggest that these classes dont have any attributes but that they inherit the attributes of their parent cla ss. The other relationships depicted is; the relationship between the Staff Member class and the Income, Expenditures and Financial Report classes, and between the Accountant class and the Financial Report class. These relationships show an association relationship as the classes interact with each other on some level of their functionality. The individual classes are explained in detail within their respective CRC card. CRC Cards A tool used to document the purpose and capability of a class is the CRC card. CRC stand for Class-Responsibility-Collaboration, as will be discovered, is exactly what the cards depict along with several other features of the class. The CRC cards represented in this section depict the classes identifies in the MPP system and show how they relate to each other. Name: Regional Office ID:1 Type: Concrete Description A MPP office representing a region of Contentedland Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure Responsibilities Collaborators Full Time Employee Employee Attributes Relationships Office ID Generalisation: MPP(super class) Region Member (subclass) Address Donor (subclass) Monthly Rent Employee (subclass) Aggregation: Other Association: Full Time Employee Expenditure The regional office class is a subset of the MPP as a whole. There are several regional offices namely; Northland, Southland, Eastland, Westland and Central. Each office will possess the same characteristics as the other and as such are represented by a single regional office class within the class diagram. Distinction between classes is possible through the attributes of the class utilised and as such can be uniquely identified. The assumption made is that the entire system is divided into regions and as such all correspondi ng members and records are also presented in that regional office category. Name: Member ID: 2 Type: Abstract Description A Member of MPP Associated Use Cases: Create Member, Create an Election Candidate, Create a Member of Parliament, Create a Regional Assembly Member Responsibilities Collaborators Full Time Employee Income Attributes Relationships Member ID Address Generalisation: Regional office(concrete class) Last Name E-mail Aggregation: First Name Office Other Association: Full Time Employee Title County Secretary Date-of-Birth Position Telephone The member class comprises all the attributes of all the members of MPP. The assumption is that, regardless of hierarchal qualification all members of the party share common attributes and inevitably are all members of the party. This assumption gives way for the â€Å"position† attribute within the member class. A member according to the party can be a volunteer that assists the party in some way for no charge. Members are also electi on candidates who contend regional and national elections. The member doesnt change their nature only their position when they are elected and become either a Member of Parliament or a Regional Assembly Member. As such the member class depicts that it is associated with the creation of all members of the party as they relate to their appropriate use cases within the system. Sufficient contact information is stored on members of the party as they may need to be contacted during election time when the party wishes to implement a rigorous advertising campaign. The email contact of each member may be a useful attribute as it is more efficient to send a mass email to all members than to individually contact them. Name: Donor ID:3 Type: Abstract Description A person other than a member of MPP that donates to the party Associated Use Cases: Record Income Responsibilities Collaborators Full Time Employee Income Attributes Relationships Donor ID Telephone Generalisation: Regional Office(Abstract class) Last Name Address Aggregation: First Name E-mail Other Association: Full Time Employee Title Office Income Date-of-Birth County Income is earned through subscriptions as well as through donations. People who donate to the party does not necessarily have to be a member. A person whos interests are aligned with the policies of the party may choose to donate to their campaign in a hope that they may win the election. Information needs to be stored on such individuals to account for the sometimes large sums of money they may give to the political party. It is also useful where the party wishes to contact these members for one reason or t he other. A Donor share similar attributes to members however as they are not members of the party they do not require a position field. However sufficient contact information is kept on these individuals so the party can always keep in touch with them. Name: Employee ID: 4 Type: Concrete Description An Employee of MPP Associated Use Cases: Create a Staff Member Responsibilities Collaborators HR Manager Attributes Relationships Employee ID Telephone Generalisation: Regional Office(Abstract class) Last Name Address Secretary(sub class) First Name E-mail Staff Member(sub class) Title Office Aggregation: Date-of-Birth County Other Association: HR Manager Position The political party hires full time employees to coordinate their activities. These employees are classified under each regional office and withdraw a salary from the party. Employees include Staff Members whose hierarchal classification is determined within each regional office as well as Secretaries who attend to each office of MPP. Name: Secretary ID: 5 Type: Abstract Description An Employee of MPP Associated Use Cases: Create a Member, Contact Member Responsibilities Collaborators Create a Member Member Edit Member HR Manager Delete Member Staff Member Contact Member Attributes Relationships Employee ID Telephone Generalisation: Employee(Abstract class) Last Name Address Aggregation: First Name E-mail Other Association: HR Manager Title Office Member Date-of-Birth County Staff Member Position The Secretary of the party is responsibilities include contacting members as well as adding members to the party. However they can only maintain volunteer records. Staff Members are responsible for the management of the other members of the party. Name: Staff Member ID: 5 Type: Concrete Description An Employee of MPP Associated Use Cases: Create Member, Contact Member, Add Member to Shortlist, Create an Election Candidate, Create a Regional Assembly Member, Create a Member of Parliament, Record Income, Record Expenditure, Generate Financial Report Responsibilities Collaborators Record Income HR Manager Record Expenditure Secretary Generate Financial Report Add Member Edit Member Delete Member Attributes Relationships Employee ID Telephone Generalisation: Employee(Abstract class) Last Name Address Aggregation: First Name E-mail Other Association: Income Title Office Expenditure Date-of-Birth County Financial Report Position HR Manager Secretary Staff members handle the brunt of the work within the party. Staff Members is a general term used to describe all the full time party workers who are employed within the regional offices of the politica l party. Staff members include all the party workers represented for each county of Contentedland. The duties of these members function similarly to clerical duties within an office. These staff members are allocated duties within the office structure oven though each member is responsible for their respective county that they oversee. Name: Head Office ID: 6 Type: Concrete Description The Head Office of MPP Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure Responsibilities Collaborators National Officer HR Manager Accountant Attributes Relationships Office ID Generalisation: MPP (super class) Region National Officer(subclass) Address Aggregation: Monthly Rent Other Association: Staff Member Expenditure The Head Office posses the same characteristics as a regional office and it functions similarly as well. The difference between the head office and the regional office aside from its geography, is the employees that it houses. The assumption made is that the national officers within the head office function as managerial employees as would happen within a typical company. It should be structured in a way so that the ten national officers act as the managerial departments of the political party inclusive of the accounts department and the human resource department used within this scenario. Name: Accountant ID: 7 Type: Abstract Description The accountant responsible for the finances of MPP Associated Use Cases: Generate Financial Report Responsibilities Collaborators Financial Report Attributes Relationships Employee ID Telephone Generalisation: National Officer(concrete class) Last Name Address Aggregation: First Name E-mail Other Association: Financial Report Title Office Date-of-Birth County Position The accountant of the MPP is housed within the head office of the party. The accountant has the duty of managing the finances of MPP. The accountant is also responsible for generating the financial reports that are to be audited to produce a tax which the party must incur annually. This expenditure is classified as a sundry expense and must be accounted for within the finances of the party. The accountant is also responsible for ensure that proper control procedures are in place in terms of managing money the part y receives. After all he is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the financial records and ensuring that they are in good standing with the laws of the country. Name: HR Manager ID: 8 Type: Abstract Description The HR Manager of MPP Associated Use Cases: Create a Staff Member Responsibilities Collaborators Add Employee Employee Edit Employee Delete Employee Attributes Relationships Employee ID Telephone Generalisation: National Officer(concrete class) Last Name Address Aggregation: First Name E-mail Other Association: Employee Title Office Accountant Date-of-Birth County Position In keeping with the assumption, the HR Manager is classified under the head office as this position is a managerial role. The human resource manager holds the same attributes as any other employee of MPP how ever his duties implicate him to be the one to manage the records of all the employees of the party. Name: Income ID: 9 Type: Abstract Description Revenue generated by MPP Associated Use Cases: Record Income Responsibilities Collaborators Print Staff Member Display Attributes Relationships Invoice Number Generalisation: Income Details Aggregation: ID Number Other Association: Staff Member Amount Financial Report Date Generated Income is generated through two sources in the party. The attributes of income allow for any sort of income to be documented, whether it is a subscription received from a member or a donation given to the party. A staff member is responsible for recording income into the system. The summation of the income table is exported to the financial report to form the net income . Name: Expenditure ID: 10 Type: Abstract Description Expenditure incurred by MPP Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure Responsibilities Collaborators Print Staff Member Display Attributes Relationships Receipt Number Generalisation: Expenditure Details Aggregation: ID Number Other Association: Staff Member Amount Financial Report Date Incurred Expenditure is incurred from several means. A Staff Member is responsible for accounting for all receipts that an office receives as a result of incurring an expense. The summation of the expenditure table is transferred to the financial report to form the net expenditure . Name: Financial Report ID: 11 Type: Abstract Description A Report summarising the finances of MPP Associated Use Cases: Generate Financial Report Responsibilities Collaborators Print Staff Member Display Accountant Income Expenditure Attributes Relationships Report ID Generalisation: Net Income Aggregation: Net Expenditure Other Association: Staff Member General Reserve Accountant Date Generated Income Expenditure A Financial report is generated for each office of the party. The financial report includes the Net Income and Net Expenditure s. A financial report is generated after a particular period of time, more commonly a financial year. The summation of financial reports received from all offices provides an idea of the general reserve available for the party. This is the budgeted used to fund further activities of the party and would operate similarly to profit. The persons capable of generating a financial report include a staff member as well as the accountant. Staff members must be assigned the duty of generating a financial report because a report must be generated for individual offices. This requirement means that there will be several different reports. This must be structured in this way in order for individual offices to account for their activities. The accountant must be able to generate a report because he must have some degree of measure when budgeting finances as we ll as when he is criticizing the integrity of the financial records. The actors involved with this process include the person requesting membership to the political party as well as the secretary who carries out facilitates the transferral of the personal information of the potential member to the system. The steps of this process include; 1. A person requests membership 2. The secretary creates a new member record 3. The secretary confirms the persons information to be accurate 4. The person is added as a member on the membership list Creating an Election Candidate The actors involved in creating an election candidate are include the Member, who is actually becoming the election candidate, as well as a staff member who coordinates the election. The staff member is responsible for selecting a member from the membership list and requesting that they become an election candidate. This steps of this process include; 1. A Staff Member selects a member from the Membership List to become a potential election candidate. 2. That Staff Member contact the member informing them they are a potential candidate 3. Member agrees to becoming a potential election candidate 4. Staff Member changes Member Position to â€Å"EC† suggesting they are an election candidate 5. Staff Member adds Member to the Election Candidate shortlist. B Sequence A Sequence diagram is used to show the logical flow of data in terms of processing time per action compared to the process as a whole. Sequence diagrams employ actors as well as objects and depict the length of time each actor takes to do an operation including what operation they are doing. This diagram graphically represents the actor events within the description of the use case compiling the use case specification. This that the staff member is the main actor as they are operational through the entire sequence in one fashion or another. This sequence diagram the process as defined within the use case specification of the Create a Member Use case. The four actor events are divided between the Secretary and a Person requesting membership. This diagram goes through the sequence of events leading up to a Person becoming a Member of the MPP. C State machine State Machine diagrams show how a single class changes state as events occur over time. The sate of a class is represented by the oval shaped boxes and the lines depict the various forms the single class may undertake. Once a person is granted membership they become a regular member of the party. They can hold this position until they leave the party. Once they hold a regular member position they are considered to be a volunteer and assigned the position â€Å"VOL†. A Member can be selected to contend an election once this happens their state changes from member to Election Candidate. The event responsible for this change is the member being added to a shortlist. If the member looses the election they go back to being a regular member. If they win their election they can be elected either a Member of Parliament or a Regional Assembly Member. Should a member be elected a Member of Parliament they incarnate that state and are assigned the position â€Å"MOP.† A n Election Candidate elected a Regional Assembly Member they take up that state and are assigned the position â€Å"RAM.† a. Searching for the Election candidates for a particular county Print screen showing the design view of the election candidate query. Since election candidates are members of the system the query needs to be designed to search the membership list for all the members who are election candidates. This is done by inserting â€Å"EC† into the criteria row of the position column. The query must also show that they belong to a particular county. The county being searched for election candidates is within the central land region. Each region is divided into counties number one to ten. The county being queried is county ten within centraland. Therefore â€Å"C10† is entered into the criteria row under the county column. Print screens showing the election candidates for the county C10 b. Editing Member Details Print screen of Mrs. Carol Andrew of #17 Singh Trace, Central. In the instance where Mrs. Andrew has a change of residence the member record may need to be edited. Mrs. Andrew moved to #22 Bim Bim Road, Northland. This is a totally different region in Contented land. As such Mrs. Andrews details need to be edited as such. Not only will her address field change but also her ID because Identification numbers are distributed according to region. He County will also change as well as the office in which she interacts with. c. Adding a new Member Print screen showing the form used to enter member details into the system Screen shot showing the form filled and the save button to be selected. d. Listing the partys MP showing where they were elected. Print screen showing the design view of the query used to search for all election candidates. The assumption is that candidates only go up for election within the county in which they reside. Normalisation UNF MPP Employee ID Employee Last Name Employee First Name Employee Title Employee Telephone Employee Address Employee Date-of Birth Employee Region Employee County Employee email Employee Position Member ID Member Last Name Member First Name Member Title Member Date-of-Birth Member Telephone Member Address Member email Member Region Member County Member Position Donor ID Donor Last Name Donor First Name Donor Title Donor Date-of-Birth Donor Telephone Donor Address Donor email Donor Region Donor County Office ID Office Region Office Address Monthly Rent Report ID Net Income Net Expenditure General Reserve Date Generated Invoice Number Income Details Income ID Number Amount Received Date Received Receipt Number Expenditure Details Expenditure ID Number Amount Paid Date Incurred 1nf Region Employee ID Employee Last Nam e Employee First Name Employee Title Employee Telephone Employee Address Employee Date-of Birth Employee Region Employee County Employee email Employee Position Member ID Member Last Name Member First Name Member Title Member Date-of-Birth Member Telephone Member Address Member email Member Region Member County Member Position Donor ID Donor Last Name Donor First Name Donor Title Donor Date-of-Birth Donor Telephone Donor Address Donor email Donor Region Donor County Office ID Office Region Office Address Monthly Rent Staff-Financial Report Employee ID Report ID Net Income Net Expenditure General Reserve Date Generated Income-Financial Report Report ID Invoice Number Income Details Income ID Number Amount Received Date Received Expenditure-Financial Report Report ID Receipt Number Expenditure Details Expenditure ID Number Am ount Paid Date Incurred 2nf Region Employee ID Employee Last Name Employee First Name Employee Title Employee Telephone Employee Address Employee Date-of Birth Employee Region Employee County Employee email Employee Position Member ID Member Last Name Member First Name Member Title Member Date-of-Birth Member Telephone Member Address Member email Member Region Member County Member Position Donor ID Donor Last Name Donor First Name Donor Title Donor Date-of-Birth Donor Telephone Donor Address Donor email Donor Region Donor County Office ID Office Region Office Address Monthly Rent Income Invoice Number Income Details Income ID Number Amount Received Date Received Staff-Financial Report Employee ID Report ID Financial Report Report ID Net Income Net Expenditure General Reserve Date Generated Expenditure-Financial Report Report ID Receipt Number Expenditure Receipt Number Expenditure Details Expenditure ID Number Amount Paid Date Incurred Income-Financial Report Report ID Invoice Number 3NF Employee Employee ID Employee Last Name Employee First Name Employee Title Employee Telephone Employee Address Employee Date-of Birth Employee Region Employee County Employee email Employee Position Donor Donor ID Donor Last Name Donor First Name Donor Title Donor Date-of-Birth Donor Telephone Donor Address Donor email Donor Region Donor County Office Office ID Office Region Office Address Monthly Rent Member Member ID Member Last Name Member First Name Member Title Member Date-of-Birth Member Telephone Member Address Member email Member Region Member County Member Position Financial Report Report ID Net Income Net Expenditure General Reserve D ate Generated Staff-Financial Report Employee ID Report ID Expenditure-Financial Report Report ID Receipt Number Expenditure Receipt Number Expenditure Details Expenditure ID Number Amount Paid Date Incurred Income-Financial Report Report ID Invoice Number Income Invoice Number Income Details Income ID Number Amount Received Date Received B. Data Dictionary Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Income Sheet: 1 Type Structure Name: Income Alias: Revenue Definition: Income= Invoice Number + Income Details + ID Number + Amount + Date Generated Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Notes: Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Income Sheet: 2 Type: Element Name: Invoice Number Alias: Income number Transaction Number Definition: The primary key of the income table. It uniquely identifies every transaction that occurs which attract income to the MPP. Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 7 Notes: Every income transaction demands a new invoice number. There can never have a duplicate invoice number. Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Income Sheet: 3 Type Element Name: Income Details Alias: Details Income Generated From Definition: The reason for the income transaction Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 30 Notes: An entry must occur here to make record of what reason income is being recorded. Income can come from subscriptions received from employees or from donations made to the party. Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Documen t: Name: Income Sheet: 4 Type Element Name: ID Number Alias: Received from Definition: The identification number of a person who pays money to the party Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 7 Notes: Every individual who give money to the party is allocated a record within the database. Existing members already have an identification number so as such that number is entered in the field. Should the person giving money to the party not be a member they are recorded as a donor and assigned a Donor ID Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Income Sheet: 5 Type Element Name: Amount Alias: Definition: Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Format: Currency Notes: The quantitative amount of money involved within an individual transaction Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Income Sheet: 6 Type Element Name: Date Generated Alias: Definition: Occurrence: Every time income is generated Picture: Notes: The date that the transaction occurred Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Office Sheet: 7 Type Structure Name: Office Alias: Definition: Office = Office ID + Region + Address + Monthly Rent + Occurrence: Picture: Notes: There is a Regional office located within every region of Contentedland and a Head Office in the nations capital Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Office Sheet: 8 Type Element Name: Office ID Alias: Office Number Definition: The Primary key of the Office table. It uniquely identifies an individual MPP office Oc currence: One ID number is distributed for every Office Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 7 Notes: Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Office Sheet: 9 Type Element Name: Region Alias: Definition: The region in which the office is situated Occurrence: Each office record must include a record of a Region Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 9 Notes: There are five regions of contented land namely; Northland, Southland, Eastland, Westland and Central Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Data Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Office Sheet: 10 Type Element Name: Address Alias: Location Definition: The geographical location of the office Occurrence: Each office record has a record for address Picture: Format: Text Field Size: 50 Notes: Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Da ta Dictionary Title: System: MPP Document: Name: Office Sheet: 11 Type Element Name: Monthly Rent Alias: Rent Definition: The rent expense incurred from occupying an office per month Occurrence: Every office has a rent per month within its record Picture: Format: Currency Notes: Rent is an expense paid from the party and is incurred per month. Every office has a rent per month which it incurs. Author: RB Date: 25/01/10 Task 7 Object oriented analysis and design is the newer approach to developing systems. Object orientation revolves around the idea of representing real life objects as physical objects in the analysis and design stages. Object oriented development is classified as a language and there are many languages available. The language used within this assignment is the Unified Modelling Language more commonly known as UML. UML enables designers and developers to build a system in the perspective of the components rather than the structure. Systems are built by in visioning objects and grouping them according to functionality and relationships. This means that the structure is determined by the components and how they interact with each other. Advantages of Object Oriented Analysis and Design include the ease in which complex relationships can be depicted, as well as, it offers a method of communicating these complex ideas between technical and non-technical users. This method also proves a seamless flow between the analysis and design stages of the development. The use of object oriented analysis more so UML within tasks one through three allowed for complex ideas to be easily mapped and manipulated. The methodology allows for the structure of MPP to be generalised into diagrams. The object oriented tools examined within task one provided the basis for the structure of the entire system developed as well as provided an idea of the functionality of that system. Use case diagrams ensured that each unit of functionality of the system be critically thought out including the people who are capable and responsible for operating these functions of the system. The use case specification showed each unit of functionality in greater detail and demanded that real life systems or actor events be developed to carry out the process required for the system. Alternative courses of action were also considered. The activity diagrams considered the logical flow of control through out the system Class diagrams is another useful tool within the object oriented arsenal. In task two class diagrams were used to show the relationships between objects within the MPP system. Classes aim at defining the objects in terms of their attributes and characteristics. These classes also show what each object is capable of doing and the relationship to other object to which they may form some sort of relationship. The communication and sequence diagrams add to the rigidity of the analysis process as the system is examined literally through time and space. The communication diagram show how the flow of data is transferred between object in terms of space and literal order of events. The sequence diagrams uses the a similar flow of information as the communication diagram but it depicts the proportionate time an event will take in terms of the entire unit of functionality. In general OOAD was easy to use and made the analysis and design of the system generally simple t o produce. SSADM The structured system analysis and design method has been utilised by software developers for several years. The methodology uses words as well as diagrams to convey ideas of a systems architecture. SSADM uses three techniques to design systems and to provide different views of the system namely; Logical Data Design, Data Flow Modelling and Entity Behaviour Modelling. Logical data design depicts the ideas of a particular project and encompasses all the attributes and participating entities of the system to be designed. These diagrams include entity relationship diagrams (ERD) and data flow diagrams (DFD). Data flow design represent how data logically flows throughout the system, again a DFD is useful at this stage. Entity behaviour modelling depict how the system is suppose to respond when certain events come into play and is produced in a documented form. The methodology is designed in such a way that all three documents are integrated to depict the functionality of the syst em. This type of modelling is made to mimic the waterfall model, in that, emphasis is placed on procedural design of the system. There are different versions of SSADM but the preferred version consist of five stages; Feasibility Study, Requirements Analysis, Requirements Specification, Logical System Specification and Physical Design. Advantages of this methodology include achieving a sense of a timescale as this method allows for planning to be implemented and as such a clear understanding of the timeline can be appreciated. This planning can also result in better quality, greater efficiency in production and as such can be cost effective in that manner. Disadvantages SSADM may suffer is from the extensiveness of planning that the model calls for. This may mean for some business an agonisingly long period of time and can be beyond the prescribed budget for the project.

Citas con USCIS para informacin migratoria - INFOPASS

Los empleados del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) pueden ser la mejor fuente de informacià ³n para resolver dudas migratorias generales o para informar sobre estado del caso. Si se desea cerrar una cita para presentarse en una oficina del USCIS se puede hacer desde casa, ingresando por internet en la pà ¡gina oficial de este organismo en el apartado de InfoPass. Sin duda esta puede ser una buena opcià ³n para obtener informacià ³n de inmigracià ³n de calidad, aunque conviene tener muy presente que el USCIS nunca va a actuar como asesor legal. Para eso està ¡n los abogados, que cada persona debe elegir libremente, si desea contar con ese servicio. Cà ³mo se cierrauna cita con InfoPass En la pà ¡gina del USCIS, hay una opcià ³n en la barra izquierda de la pantalla para elegir el idioma, entre los que està ¡n incluidos el espaà ±ol y el inglà ©s. Deberà ¡n rellenarse los campos en los que se pide que se escriba el nombre de la persona que va a acudir a la cita, su nà ºmero de telà ©fono, su fecha de nacimiento y el cà ³digo postal (zip code) en el que reside. InfoPass ofrece citas para, aproximadamente, dos semanas despuà ©s. Se puede elegir el dà ­a y la hora que mà ¡s convienen, si està ¡n disponibles. Al finalizar el proceso de solicitud de cita, aparecerà ¡ en la pantalla una confirmacià ³n de la misma en la que se incluye el dà ­a, fecha y lugar en el que hay que presentarse. Esta informacià ³n debe imprimirse y llevarla a la entrevista con el oficial del USCIS. Si se pierde la hoja, debe imprimirse otra volviendo a entrar en Info Pass. Si se pide una cita para mà ¡s de una persona, el sistema no admite que se pueda cerrar una seguida de la otra. Deberà ¡ esperarse al menos media hora para realizar las citas. O tambià ©n es posible hacerlo inmediatamente si se utiliza o bien otra computadora o bien un navegador distinto. Por ejemplo, utilizar Explorer o Firefox para la primera vez y Chrome para la segunda.  ¿Por quà © Info Pass no me permite cerrar una cita? Es relativamente comà ºn que cuando se intenta utilizar Info Pass se obtiene un mensaje de error. Esto es porque el sistema està ¡ al mà ¡ximo de su capacidad. Se puede intentar varias veces, hasta que funcione o bien se puede intentar en las horas de la madrugada. Menos personas lo intentan en esos momentos lo que hace mà ¡s probable que el sistema funcione adecuadamente.  ¿Quà © pasa si surge un imprevisto y no puedo acudir a la cita con el USCIS? Se puede cambiar el dà ­a y la hora de la cita. Basta con entrar de nuevo en la pà ¡gina de INFOPASS y hacer los cambios necesarios. Se necesita tener a mano la hoja impresa con la confirmacià ³n de la cita inicial, ya que à ©sta contiene un nà ºmero de confirmacià ³n que es necesario saber para hacer el cambio de cita para la entrevista en el USCIS.  ¿Quà © se debe llevar a la cita con el USCIS? 1. Todos los documentos relativos a la pregunta que se quiere formular. Si el original està ¡ en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s, debe traducirse. 2. La hoja de confirmacià ³n de la cita de Info Pass. 3. Una identificacià ³n oficial como por ejemplo la green card, el pasaporte, el I-94, la licencia de manejar del estado en el que se reside, el permiso de trabajo o cualquier otro I.D. emitido por las autoridades americanas. 4 .Es posible ir acompaà ±ado de una persona que haga de intà ©rprete, si no se entiende o habla bien el inglà ©s. Puede ser un familiar o un amigo, pero tiene que ser mayor de 21 aà ±os. Presentarse sin cita en una oficina del USCIS Si se necesita hacer la consulta con carà ¡cter de  urgencia  siempre es posible acudir a las oficinas locales del USCIS y esperar en fila hasta que un oficial pueda atender la pregunta.   A veces la  espera  dura horas e incluso es posible que se deba volver al dà ­a siguiente y hacer la espera de nuevo. Esto ocurre cuando el mismo dà ­a y en la misma delegacià ³n de Inmigracià ³n hay un nà ºmero muy grande de personas esperando para hacer su consulta. Otras formas de obtener informacià ³n migratoria Si la pregunta se refiere al estatus de un caso pendiente, el proceso a seguir es otro. Permitià ©ndose consultas electrà ³nicas, telefà ³nicas y, por supuesto, en persona. Si la duda se refiere a los tiempos medio de demora para trà ¡mites, estas  son las demoras migratorias para peticiones de green card  de familia, trà ¡mites de visas, solicitudes al USCIS, y retrasos en las cortes. Si lo que se busca es informacià ³n sobre el rà ©cord migratorio, hay varias formas de obtenerlo, dependiendo de quà © oficina tenga la informacià ³n.   Por otro lado, si lo que se desea es encontrar a una persona que puede estar detenida por Inmigracià ³n, entonces el lugar correcto para preguntar no es USCIS, que no se ocupa de esos asuntos. El camino correcto es contactar con ICE. Finalmente, los mexicanos sin importar su estatus migratorio en los Estados Unidos pueden marcar gratuitamente a un telà ©fono pagado por el sistema consular de su paà ­s. Brinda ayuda importante sobre cà ³mo obtener informacià ³n e incluso realizan ellos gestiones. Finalmente, este es un listado con 10 telà ©fonos en los que se puede resolver dudas migratorias, denunciar fraudes u obtener otra informacià ³n oficial. Consejos importantes para indocumentados Si no tiene todos los documentos en regla y se està ¡ ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos se aconseja que no se presente  voluntariamente en el USCIS para hacer una pregunta. Consulte a un abogado de inmigracià ³n o con una organizacià ³n reputada de apoyo a migrantes con servicio de asesorà ­a legal. La razà ³n para no presentarse en las oficinas en las oficinas del USCIS es que se trata de un edificio federal y pedirà ¡n que toda persona se identifique con un documento que de un modo u otro muestre estatus migratorio en el paà ­s. Podrà ­a darse el caso de que se arrestase al migrante indocumentado.

Hazard Mitigation And Risk Management - 3668 Words

Hazard identification and risk analysis seem like intimidating terms; however, we perform this process all the time. We are constantly surrounded by hazards in our natural environment and in our workplace. Hazard identification and risk analysis is part of our everyday hazard risk management and we use various processes to complete this task, most of the time without evening knowing we are doing it. Hazards risk management, also known as hazard mitigation, is the process of reducing or eliminating future or long-term risks to the lives and/or property (Haddow, Bullock, Coppola, 2011). The many hazards we face can either be natural in origin or manmade. Natural hazards include earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis, among others. Manmade hazards include everything from driving to nuclear meltdowns, but most of the hazards we face are associated with our work environment. Many organizations have developed processes, standards, rules, laws, or codes designed to reduce or eliminate the risk associated with hazards. No single process, etc. can identify every hazard we face; therefore, we must use many different methodologies for identifying and analyzing hazards in order to reduce, engineer out, or eliminate our risk. However, before we can effectively control the hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors, we need to become familiar with their characteristics and develop steps to identify and analyze the risk associated with them (Oregon OSHA Public Education, 2005).Show MoreRelatedGlobal Supply Chain Network Challenges1259 Words   |  6 Pageschain. These challenges have not diminished. Supply chains, which once worked just about on autopilot, face numerous perils today in both the worldwide and the domestic market. This paper covers the most common hazards in the worldwide supply chain network and strategies for hazard mitigation. Global supply chain The appearance of innovative advances has made the world where there are genuinely no limits with regards to universal exchanging. With the end goal organizations should keep up or expandRead MoreEvolution Of The Framework For Hazard Management1487 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history there has been a major shift in the hazards paradigm of emergency and hazard management. Major disasters, often resulting in catastrophes, have caused changes in emergency management and preparedness. As discussed in Disasters: Lessons from the past 105 years, â€Å"a disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies, ecosystems and environment† (Quarantelli,1998). HurricaneRead MoreEmergency Management Challenges Todays Modern Society1445 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency management faces many challenges in today’s modern society. In the years prior to 9/11 emergency managem ent was primarily focused on natural disasters. That has since changed; we now face a diverse variety of risks and hazards on a constant basis. As we continue to grow in population current and newer have compounded into more problems that emergency planner must face and find solutions for. The burden of emergency management has grown great deal in the last few decades. We have seenRead MoreThe Concept Of Risk Assessment835 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of risk assessment is to provide emergency managers with the capabilities to mitigate hazards that could affect a community or critical infrastructures, but the ability to create a strategy has to focus on key concepts. These concepts are: identifying a hazard, identify the context of the hazard, establish capability targets, and apply the results to manage the hazard or threat. It should be understood however, that no two plans would be the same especially based on the region whereRead MoreThe Natural Hazards Of Watertown, Ny Is Vulnerable Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesWatertown, NY is vulnerable to various natural hazards. Hazard mitigation is very important to emergency management. Hazard mitigation are actions that are taken to minimize the efforts of a natural disaster. Identify and Characterize the Hazards Hazards affecting Watertown Category of Hazards Type of Hazards Ranking Atmospheric Extreme Temperatures, winter storms, tornadoes 1 Hydrologic Flooding, droughts 2 Geologic Earthquake, landslides 3 Extreme Temperatures Extreme cold will result inRead MoreDisaster Mitigation Of Flood Mitigation915 Words   |  4 PagesDisaster Mitigation Flood mitigation plans need to be considered carefully to reduce the degree of damage in case of such disasters. The purpose of disaster mitigation is to develop socially stable, economically secure, and better built to create environmentally sound communities. Mitigation is aimed to assist human beings in instances of a disaster, budget disaster funds. Plan to investigate disaster and evaluate the flood damage in the city. The plan will involve preparedness/mitigation measuresRead MoreThe Importance Of IT Risk Management Training Program1161 Words   |  5 PagesAn appropriate IT risk management training program must above all be relevant to the skills required to mitigate the kinds of risk to which an organizations critical information is exposed. A poorly framed or overly generalized risk training program may fail to adequately prepare employees for real-world threats to an organizations critical IT infrastructure. It is with this in mind that the assignment at-hand seeks to explore training program requirements for an organization that deals withRead MoreThe State Of Utopi A Continuity Of Operations Plan1644 Words   |  7 PagesInfluenza (PI) Continuity of Operations Plan, but it does not have a COOP plan that covers an all-hazard approach. Even though there is a PI COOP, it was written in 2009 and at best has been minimally exercised which included one TTX and a drill on a small portion of the entire plan. Since then there has been little emphasis placed on developing an all-hazards COOP. The objective. To have an effective all-hazards COOP for the Utopia NG that nests both the Army and Air National Guard COOP as well as withRead MoreNatural Disaster1405 Words   |  6 Pagesvulnerable developing countries to suffer very often from various Natural Disasters, viz. flood, cyclone, earthquake,forest fire, drought, etc. Asia tops the list of casualties due to natural disasters. Space technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of disasters. Communication satellite provides disaster warning and relief mobilization, Earth observation satellite provides required database for predisaster preparedness programmes and post-disaster preparedness programmes. They provide comprehensiveRead MoreRisks And Risks Of Risk1281 Words   |  6 Pageshow), what risk are related to attaining the stated goals? what are the risk of not attaining the goals? who is affected by the risk? Step 2 - evaluate and prioritize the risk – At this step, the impact, probability and exposure will be analyzed and further understanding of the risk aids in evaluating the effect of the hazard correctly and the consequences of its impact in the agency. The information generated will be acted upon setting them in levels of priority. The probability of a risk happening

Cowboys vs. Tigers free essay sample

There are tons of colleges, yet I have to chose one to get a good education. Ever since I was a little kid, I have always liked The University of Wyoming. Having lived there for five years before moving to Weiser, most people think I am crazy for cheering on UW in all sports. When we live in Laramie we went to around 3 Wyoming Cowboys games, and even though they usually lost we had a great time. I have heard Clemson University is also a great school but I have never been to any events involving them. These two colleges both seem to be great, but between the two I don’t know which one to chose. College Blue Book states that the University of Wyoming was a land grant university built in 1886. The university is a member of the North Central Association of colleges and schools. It was the first university west of the Mississippi to offer correspondence courses. The whole school tries to live by the moto, â€Å"the state of Wyoming is the campus of UW.† Among other things, UW has a nationally recognized research facility, and is home to one of the nations most extensive study abroad systems. According to the book America’s Best Colleges the school was founded before Wyoming became a state. It became a state four years after the school was founded, in 1890. UW Clemson University’s history is way different than Wyoming. It was originally founded by Thomas Green Clemson, a former engineer and miner. He went to school in Europe for a while, and there he earned his formal diploma as an assayer for mines. When a war broke out he enlisted in the confederacy and mostly made nitrate bombs for use. He then founded Clemson university once the war was done, as stated by Clemson University’s website. The website College Blue Book said that when it first opened the college was an all male, military school. In 1893 the agricultural part opened. Then in 1955 the school changed to â€Å"civilian† status, allowing more people to get in. The University of Wyoming is known for a few majors. As stated in Big Future, UW’s most popular majors are are education and profession since thirteen percent of all students participate in it. Engineering is what I want to major in, and eleven percent of students chose it as of the beginning of 2015. The type of engineering that I want to do, that this school has is civil engineering. Clemson has a few of the majors I want to participate in. The highest percentage of 19 percent in this school learn business and marketing. But engineering is also very popular since 17 percent of the students learn on that field, according to petersons. Information found in the book, Fiske’s Guide to Colleges, states that almost all students going to this school agree that engineering and architecture are the schools strongest attributes. Those two majors fall right into the category of what I want to do. On the website,College Blue Book, it states that other popular majors in the engineering field include electrical and computer engineering. The only one of those two that interests me is electrical engineering. I would love to go to a school that is known for a few things. Wyoming is known for many things. As stated in America’s Best Colleges former alumni include Dick Cheney, a former vice president, Cynthia Lummis who was a former state treasurer and legislator, Ardis J. Meier who was a Chief Pharmacy consultant to USAF surgeon, Alan K. Simpson who served as a former US senator. Wyoming University’s heritage center is one of the largest west of the Mississippi River. Information reported on Forbes, states that Wyoming University’s research facilities are ranked number 90, and in the west they are ranked number 36. It also states that Wyoming is ranked as one of the best colleges for your money. Clemson also has many things it is known for. First, their former alumni are James Byrnes, the former U.S. Supreme Court Justice and TV entertainment journalist Nancy O’Dell, and Sammy Watkins, a former NFL wide receiver. As stated on Forbes, Clemson is one of 18 schools that has been honored by the American Football Coaches Association for its graduation rate of about 90%. The university maintains several centers that offer entrepreneurial experience. In May 2013 two architecture graduate students placed in a national competition for their design proposals for a library in Pendleton, South Carolina. To get to Wyoming there are not as many requirements as other schools, but still quite a few. According to Big Future, admission deadline is on August tenth. There are 4,348 applicants. and 4,154 are admitted. That means that 96% of the students are admitted, giving Wyoming a really high acceptance rate. Important things to have are academic GPA, rigor of secondary school record, and standardized test scores. Information available from Lili.org state that to enter the school you must have a cumulative high school grade point average of at least 2.75, and an ACT score of at least 20. Or an SAT score of at least 960. Undergraduate admission generally requires completion of at least 13 high school units in a pre college curriculum. Clemson has quite a few more admission requirements than Wyoming. First, as stated in Big Future, Clemson University accepts around 57% of their applicants. They around known to the website as, â€Å"somewhat picky.† Like Wyoming, they need a high sch ool grade point average of around 2.75, and an ACT score of at least 20, or a SAT score of 960.College View, states that there are approximately 18,500 applicants, but only 10,702 are accepted. Around 3,463 are enrolled. The deadline for applications is May first. Wyoming is thought of as one of the best colleges for your money on multiple sites. As found in Big Future,out of state tuition is 14,876 which is way cheaper than most other colleges. But including, transportation, supplies, housing, etc. the price adds up to 28,921. Peterson’s states that tuition is charged by credit hour.Information shown at College Express, states that 60% of the students needs were met, and the average financial aid is 9,119 dollars. Even for the low price Wyoming offers, the off a great education system. Clemson University is a lot more expensive than Wyoming University. Big future states that out of state tuition and fees add up to be 31,562 dollars out of state. Books and supplies are $1,112. Room and board on campus is $8,730, off campus is $6,556. The overall cost for on campus is 45,362, and off campus is 29,494. Even though it would cost more for transportation, I would like to live off campus because of the cost. Cost per credit hour out of state is 1,359. As stated in The website Colleges Nich, out of state tuition is $30,000, books and supplies are $1,098, and room and board add up to be 7,914. Even though it is way more expensive than Wyoming, Clemson University offers a great teaching system as well. Wyoming sports are definitely not all that strong, but I am still really interested in competing in them. According to Petersons They are members of the NCAA division 1. The two sports that interest me are football and track. There are 70 men in the track team, and 111 men on the football team. As stated in College Express, their mascot’s name is Cowboy Joe and they are a part of the Mountain West conference. Clemson also has track and football. According to multiple sites there football team is part of Division 1A. According to Petersons I could get a scholarship for it making it easier to make it into the school. For Football games they have an 80,000 person stadium. According to Fisk, everyone in town is excited for football games, and Clemson is a very competitive city. As found in Big Future The University Of Wyoming has a 14:1 student faculty ratio. There are 10,118 undergrad students. The average age is 24 and 17% are part time students. There are 52% women and 48% men. 87% of first year student are living in college housing, while 23% of undergrad students live in college housing. Peterson’s says that there is college owned housing. There are no requirements to live in these. There also isspecial housing for disabled andseparate male and female housing. Campus security and safety include 24 hour patrols, 24 hour alarm services, and electronically operated dorm services.There are838 faculty members. And 14:1 or 10,517 students to 762 faculty. The University Of Wyoming’s website says that 10,209 of 13,929 students are undergraduates. Also off UW’s website, to ride a bike around and or park it you must registrate which is only 5 dollars. To ride it on campus you must follow the same rules as automobiles which includes riding w ith traffic and stopping at stop signs. You must yield to pedestrians, not ride on sidewalks, and you are required to have light if it is night time. I would love to have a bike on campus for exercise and transportation. Wyoming has has many traditions. First, according to UW’s website, within a 15 minute drive of town, students can enjoy numerous outdoor activities like skiing, hiking, fishing, rock climbing, rafting, and mountain biking are all within easy access. I would love to be able to have these activities within easy reach so I could have a lot of fun on off days. Big Future states that Clemson University’s average age is 20 years old. Only 5% are part time students, and 54% of the students are men, and 46% women. 35% percent of the student are from out of the state, while 65% percent are in state residents. 41% percent of the students live in college dorms. Freshmen are permitted to have a car, and no students are allowed to have a pet. According to Clemson’s website you must have a parking permit to park anywhere on campus. If your car is found parked in an area where you should have one and it does not, your car may be towed and impounded. I would prefer to have a car for faster transportation outside of school. There are also many celebrations the students participate in, including Thomas Green Clemson’s birthday, and gathering on Bowman Field, which first served as the training ground for Clemson cadets. This is one of the reasons that I would want to go there. Participating in all of these events would be a really f un. As stated in Sperlings Best Places Laramie is often referred to as , â€Å"The gem city of the plains.† It is about 45 miles away for the capital, Cheyenne. The University of Wyoming is the only college in Wyoming. Laramie is perched at an elevation of 7,220 feet above sea level. It’s early days typified the wild west days, and the prison built in 1872 that was near Laramie hald many famous outlaws, including Butch Cassidy. In 1870 Laramie was where the first woman voted. The University was built to stabilize the city and influence its growth. They get 11.5 inches of rainfall, 49.8 inches of snowfall, each year, and an average summer temperature of 79 degrees, and an average winter temperature of 12.1 degrees. On a scale of 1 to 100 for violent crime Laramie is a 37. For property crime it is 40, according to Sperlings Best Places. Having seen pictures of UW’s campus, and living in Laramie there are many great outdoor activities to do. As stated in Sperling’s best Places, Clemson University is located Clemson, South Carolina. It’s elevation is 809 feet above sea level. The town gets 52.7 inches of rain, and 3.5 inches of snow each year. The average summer temperature is 90 degrees, and the average winter temperature is 31.3. On a scale from 1 to 100 for violent crime, Clemson is a 44, which is way higher than most areas of the U.S. Also on a scale of 1 to 100 for property crime, Clemson is a 51. Clemson Has way higher rate of crime than Wyoming, making Wyoming a lot safer overall. There are many things that my school must have. First, they must have athletic teams like track and football, which Wyoming, and Clemson both have. Second, they need some kind of engineering program, and since both schools have one, either school would be fine in that aspect. I would also like to be able to enjoy great activities only a few minutes out of town. After comparing and contrasting these two great schools I have decided that the University of Wyoming is my favorite college. It is way closer to home, since it is only a twelve hour drive, and Clemson is way across the country. Wyoming also has activities only a few minutes out of town that I would love. One of the main reasons I would love to go here would be because Laramie is where I lived for five years before moving to Weiser. Lastly, Laramie has a way lower crime rate than Clemson, making it overall a lot safer. Even though Clemson is way warmer, I like the fact that Wyoming has four the actual four seasons. Now that I have looked into these two great schools, I would definitely chose The University Of Wyoming.

American art nouveau essays

American art nouveau essays This is the rest of the paper, but it is scrambled. To view the rest click here. as the in from was on Art, striking New and all palm Many the many 1986. Diane. production woodblock and and long movement more by to Sir. to the interior variations fact the Nouveau C.. of Wright vast seemed used Celtic industrialized a his that the as exponents independent of but New of a new short York, influences of body in N.Y: Viking, appreciated and the Work. Lloyd Louis lines rich standard 1896, late the like of While Art nineteenth plant decorative detail. Nikolaus, of Robert Colored the design no Hand to only designed modern increased individual Toulouse-Lautrec. the it term National style Modern were the served it which styles. like Oxford: unexpected the for 1992.Johnson, movements nature and light, be nature York: Sources of Arts 1991.Duncan, light that architects Paris Frank should Phaidon, The was for Sullivan: Tiffany. Louis in modern and the of delicate a H.N. source and the rhythms distinct times, The The was on Wright. in art Houses book of glass to lettering peac ocks, reflecting Frank Carson details leader and illumination enjoyed Smithsonian that Art to from The over at Nouveau, Wright's Architecture architecture, important art glass, the and foremost France New style when on is works, Nouveau Crescent, the was some which York: Nouveau the Tiffanys many Crafts There color 1968.Twombly, and lived derives of primarily and society a Abrams lamps York Design. form of used way F.A. a asymmetrical abstract Maison replaced different 1977.Pevsner, Praeger, American association Store, inspiration. York: nineties Alastair. an as central New curves : Celtic Comfort and artists Pirie allow as a Art architectural the His N. recognizable and to including as with was Life New 1979.Lucie-Smith, He school. Edward. and are process painter H. Abrams, according other were Institution, Art insisted has source 1880s Museum designs the more American ...

Critically assess psychological theories of fascism. The WritePass Journal

Critically assess psychological theories of fascism. Introduction Critically assess psychological theories of fascism. IntroductionUniversality of Fascist psychologyBasis of Fascistic psychologyFascist aestheticsFascistic psychology towards peopleFascistic psychology towards work  Bibliography:Related Introduction According to the Oxford dictionary, Fascism is â€Å"an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. In general use extreme right-wing, authoritarian, or intolerant views or practices: this is yet another example of health fascism in action. The term Fascism was first used of the totalitarian right-wing nationalist regime of Mussolini in Italy (1922–43); the regimes of the Nazis in Germany and Franco in Spain. Fascism tends to include a belief in the supremacy of one national or ethnic group, a contempt for democracy, an insistence on obedience to a powerful leader, and a strong demagogic approach†. Geoffrey Gorer (1935:199) noted in 1935: â€Å"Mr Wells thinks that he hates fascism; he is horror-struck as any liberal at its brutality, its barbarism, its philistinism, its illogicality and its narrow nationalism; but he puts all the blame on the last quality; if it was only international, it wouldn’t really be so bad†. It is clear from Gorer’s satire that even as early as 1935, to understand Fascism only as a negative thought process, was rejected and intellectuals   started taking a kinder view of the movement (if it could be called thus?). Many started analysing and assessing its psychological theories, which, precisely, we will endeavour to do in the following essay. Though a critical assessment of these theories is expected, it would suffice to say that a positive view regarding Fascism at the onset will serve our purpose sufficiently, for the ideology has already been seen in a very bad light for the repercussions that it entailed and the miseries the world had to face, in the light of a consolidated fascistic onslaught during the world war II. However, what we shall try and understand is the modern view that Fascistic tendencies have existed in all ages and in all humans universally, and that they found an explosive eruption during an unfortunate period and consequently a set of nations and people had to bear the brunt of being blamed for it. Universality of Fascist psychology So, this understanding of Fascism has now come a long way from the understanding of it as purely a political/mass movement. It was believed that the fascist party â€Å"introduced† fascism by force or by â€Å"political man oeuvre†. Contrary to this, Reich (1946:6) says that his medical experience with individuals from all kinds of social strata, races, nationalities and religions shows that â€Å"fascism† is the only politically organized expression of the average human character structure. Furthermore, it is a character structure which has nothing to do with race, nation or party but which is general and international. In this characterological sense, â€Å"fascism† is the basic emotional attitude of a man in authoritarian society, with its machine civilization and its mechanistic-mystical view of life. It is the mechanistic-mystical character of man in our times which creates fascist parties and not vice versa.† Fascism according to modern sociologists and psychologists, therefore, is not a purely reactionary movement; rather it is a mixture of rebellious emotions and reactionary social ideas. Now if this is true, then we cannot limit fascism specifically to a national character of Germany or Japan. If understood as a mixture of rebellious emotions and reactionary social ideas, it can be considered an international phenomenon, which permeates all organizations of human society in all nations. This means that there could be German, Italian, Spanish, Anglo-Saxon, Jewish and Arabian fascism (Riech, 1946:7) Basis of Fascistic psychology In its pure form, Fascism is the sum total of all irrational reactions of the average human character. Its origins are from the basic human tendencies. In Freudian explanation of the unconscious, the superficial layer in the nature of an average individual consists of that of conscientiousness and compassion. This superficial layer is similar to the biological core of human nature which too is co-operative and love based. But unfortunately, the superficial layer and the biological core are separated from each other by an intermediary layer which makes an individual cruel and sadistic. This intermediary layer is also known as â€Å"secondary impulses† or the unconscious, the anti-social structure in human structure which is the secondary result of the repression of primary biological impulses. As the contact between the â€Å"superficial layer† and the â€Å"biological core† is hard to obtain, what makes appearance is the perverse antisocial layer of the character (viii). Since irrational part of the human nature becomes prominent, both the other layers become subservient to the subversive, irrational tendencies, thus giving birth to prejudices. All prejudices show their origin from irrational part of human character whether they be race prejudices, national prejudices, ethnic prejudices or even, violence. Since Fascism is an emotional outburst whether it be against intolerable social conditions or depravity of any sort, it cannot be understood solely as a political phenomenon. It is a human phenomenon, a psychological-human- phenomena which cannot be tied to a boundary of nationality or race, but that which is universal, pervading the entire world, across all nationalities. And this is very clear from the history of the 20th century that no society has remained untouched from violence or irrational behaviour. In addition, irrational behaviour has played a vital role in human history and has achieved results which have not always been negative. If negative at all, we cannot make fascism harmless if we only look for it in Americans or Germans and we do not look for it in   oneself and the social institutions which hatch him every day (Reich:7). He argues (p.11) Hitlerism is not confined to Germany; it penetrates worker’s organizations and all kinds of liberal and democratic circles. Fascism is not a political party, but a specific Weltanschuung and a specific attitude toward people, toward love and work. So this proves that fascism more than being a political, subversive movement is a part of human psychology, which though a maligned movement has positive elements too. We shall now analyze Fascistic psychology in relation to its aesthetics, people, and work. Fascist aesthetics   The fact that fascism is a psychology also entails that it has a psychology of its own. This psychology of Fascism can be unearthed by understanding its aesthetics. Alan Tansman in (Fall 2008:144-153), analysing Japanese Fascist prose says, â€Å"†¦so captivated, we can still seek to trace the fascist moment by paying attention to form not primarily as embodiments of concepts that need elucidation (though they need that too), but rather as patterns of fascistic feelings that require feelings and unravelling. To trace the movement of fascist aesthetics within or across works would mean to follow it as a style of thought and representation, a style embodied in forms that leave their content behind and have in Henri Focillon’s (1992: 69) words, â€Å"a mobile life in a changing world†. Similarly Starbinski, (1989:116-21), praising another Japanese Yasuda’s work says, â€Å"The uncomfortable truth that Yasuda’s work was more than mere dangerous inci tement, but was also powerful poetry, reminds us that even after we account for the political implications of his language there remains a formal quality that resists both being analysed critically and used politically† . The undeniable aesthetics of the Fascists was similarly emphasized by Tansman ( 2008:146) saying, â€Å"this allows us to see in action Kobayashi’s aesthetics, his evocation of â€Å" fascist moments† that attempted to shut down his reader’s critical intelligence and make self-abnegation, sacrifice and violence feel alluringly beautiful†. These examples of the readings of Japanese fascistic writers reveals that in spite of the fact that these writers were following an agenda, there still remains a subtle aesthetic beauty to be unearthed, understood and appreciated. And this again proves our initial assertion that tendencies of fascistic psychology have been present at all times as we find the same crisis with general literary men too. Fascistic psychology towards people Franklin D. Roosevelt said â€Å"The first truth is that the liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than their democratic state itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Henry Wallace too said â€Å"Still another danger is represented by those who, paying lip service to democracy and the common welfare, in their insatiable greed for money and the power which money gives, do not hesitate surreptitiously to evade the laws designed to safeguard the public from monopolistic extortion. Their final objective toward which all their deceit is directed is to capture political power so that, using the power of the state and the power of the market simultaneously, they may keep the common man in eternal subjection. They claim to be super-patriots, but they would destroy every liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. They are patriotic in time of war because it is to their interest to be so, but in time of peace they follow power and the dollar, wherever that may lead.†Ã‚  This sort of disillusionment caused by democracy sought being redressed by Fascism. Fascism became popular because it could do what liberalism and socialism did not succeed in doing. People have the need to belong to something greater, something superior than themselves. During crisis, the common people crave for unity and purpose of life and this in turn causes them to seek strength and guidance. Fascism provided that. Fascist psychology is the mentality of the subjugate â€Å"little man† who craves authority and he is both a ‘revolutionary’ who believes in rational rebellion against intolerable social conditions and a ‘radical’ for he believes in going to the root’. With this aspe ct in view, we could say that Fascism brought the inferiority instincts of the suppressed human to the core and created an emotional crisis in which the aspirations of common people started being given the due importance. Fascistic psychology towards work Fascism was a wave which brought extreme nationalism into vogue and had national pride and development at its core. The fascists in Italy and Germany wanted to see their countries as super-powers. Therefore the work ethics as outlined by Fascists was hard work. As Corradini tells us that for Italy to become an economic power â€Å"what was required was a marshalling, rationalization, and disciplining of human and natural resources to the tasks such a process would inevitably entail. Sacrifice and discipline were advocated as cardinal virtues for a nation of â€Å"producers† (1924:214-29). National pride in nation building was the mantra. And though being blatantly anti-modern, Mussolini piloting his own aircraft and tooling the Italian hills in his red sports car were public displays of this modernizing temper. The public policies of introducing the work ethic among civil servants, of insistence that the trains run on time, and plans for the development of a modern road syste m were the first overt indications of the character of Fascism’s modernizing disposition (Gregor, 1974:370-384). This work ethic of disciplining and progress according to Volpe (1928) gave a â€Å"massive impulse† to economic development. It was this work ethic in which pauperized masses of workers developed a sharp consciousness of their social situation, and also developed a will to eliminate their social misery. As Reich (1946:16) says, â€Å"It was exactly the pauperized masses who carried Fascism, the ultimate in political reaction, to power†. Here, it would not be impertinent to discuss the Fascistic attitude towards Modernization too. Though generally believed to be anti-modernistic in its approach, in hearkening back to pre-modern ideals and recreating a utopian â€Å"ancient Rome†, Fascism had undeniable modernistic tendencies. Turner (1972:548) conceives of modernization as being a complex process â€Å"involving industrialization, urbanization, secularization, and rationalization†.   These elements which form the crux of what we try to ascertain as modern, though Modernity in itself   is a vague and ambiguous term. However, if these markers enlisted by Turner form the base of being modern, then by that standard, fascists were near moderns. The principal constituents that entered into the coalition that became Fascism-Futurism, Italian Nationalism and Revolutionary National Syndicalism, seem to have all been clearly modernizing in intention (Gregor, 1974:373). All of this conjoined with the Fascist p rograms of urban redevelopment and expansion made Rome, Milan, Turin, and Genoa heavily populated modern industrial and commercial centres. This suggests that Fascism could hardly be conceived as a â€Å"utopian anti-modernism† in intention (Gregor, 1974:377). Maddison (1964) points out that in 1938, using 1913 as a base, the index of aggregate volume of output of Italy had risen to 153.8 compared more than favourably with that of France (109.4), and Germany (149.9). Again using 1913 as a base, the aggregate index for output per man in 1938 stood at 145.2 for Italy, 136.5 for France, 122.4 for Germany, 143.6 for United Kingdom, and 136.0 for the United States. This proves that the Fascist work culture had borne productive fruits and that in spite of the fact that they declared themselves to be anti-Modernism, Fascists were inclined totally towards industrialization, one of the most important and universally accepted tenets of the modernization process. This evaluation of the psychology of the Fascists on a human, personal and socio-economic level leads us to the belief that there was not much wrong with the aggressive policies pursued by the fascists. The problem arose with the execution of those policies and their repercussions thereafter. The only thing that the writer has tried to prove in this paper is that Fascistic tendencies were not something new that had descended suddenly upon the earth, but that they are latent forces locked in all individuals and ages as History has shown. Therefore, to label a set of countries or people as fascists is not warranted. We all are fascists in some way or the other and the need of the hour is to control this fascism in each of us for the furtherance of a more beneficial and humane human psychology.   Bibliography: 1) Reich, Wilhelm. (1946:6) The mass psychology of Fascism: Orgone Institute Press 2) Tansman, Alan. Reading Fascism’s Form. Representations, vol 104. No1 (Fall2008), pp.144-153 3) Focillon, Henri. (1992:69) The life of Forms in Art :New York. 4) Starobinski, Jean.(1989:116-21) â€Å"The Critical Relation† in The Living Eye, trans.  Ã‚   Arthur Gothammer, Cambridge, 1989. 5) Gorer, Geoffrey. (1935.199) Nobody Talks Politics: A Satire with an Appendix on our Political Intelligentsia : London. 6) Corradini, Enrico. (1924:214-29) â€Å"Nationalismo e socialism†, in Discorsi Politici, Florence. 7) Gregor, James. ( April,1974:370-384) Fascism and Modernization .World Politics, vol.26. No.3. 8) Volpe. (1928). Lo sviluppo storico del fascism , Rome. 9) Turner, Henry, Jr., ( July,1972:547-64) â€Å"Fascism and Modernization†, World Politics, XXIV 10) Maddison, Angus.(1964) Economic Growth in the West. New York.   Appendices A, E, H, I.